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11.
A survey method previously developed for estimating potential net primary production (PN) of mangrove forests was applied at 19 widely separated sites in tropical northern Australia and six sites in the Gulf of Papua. These estimates are compared with previous results for mangrove forests at Hinchinbrook Island, north Queensland. Surveys of soil properties in these areas indicate that low availability of soil phosphorus is a major contributing factor to the consistently in PN estimates of Cape York and North-western Australian forests (range in PN=11–26; mean PN= 19kg C ha?1 day?1) compared with the Hinchin-brook Island and Gulf of Papua forests (range in PN=3–38; mean PN=26 kg C ha?1 day?1). The regional variation and possible effects of other soil properties, such as redox potential and salinity, are discussed briefly. It is suggested that the generally low salinities and moderate soil redox status may partially offset the effects of low soil P in the Cape York region. 相似文献
12.
1987年9月,我们进行了一次详细的调查,确定了东库克海峡(Cook Stait)中腔吻鳕的卵及稚鱼分布与水文状况的关系。由于地方性风的原因,当地的水文结构非常复杂。南塔拉纳基湾(Taranaki Bight)水占据了库克海峡北部和中部的大部分水域。克劳迪湾(Cloudy Bay)沿岸水被河水冲淡,并由于库克海峡峡谷上升流进入克利福德湾(Clifford Bay)和开普.坎贝尔(Cape Campbell)南部沿岸,使克劳迪湾的沿岸水向近岸呈羽状伸展。东开普流水体出现在库克海峡峡谷水深200m附近和陆架外缘。开普.帕利瑟(Cape Palliser)南部的深层混合说明,该地区有一股反气旋涡旋。叶绿素α浓度与混合层深度有关,它在垂直分层的表面水体中最高。腔吻鳕卵在库克海峡峡谷内最多,该地区是这种鱼类著名的产卵场。小的腔吻鳕稚鱼(2.0~3.9mm)数在卵高密度集区和开普。坎贝尔附近最多,而较大的稚鱼(>10mm)在近岸区最多。根据刚孵化出来的稚鱼的分布情况来看,腔吻鳕卵随着当地的上升流进入开普。坎贝尔的近岸地区。 相似文献
13.
Breakthrough characteristics, kinetics, and dose‐effect in defluoridation with bauxite, gypsum, magnesite, and their composites were determined. The aim was to identify optimum filter and configuration viable for groundwater defluoridation. Bed depth service time (BDST) design model and empty bed residence time (EBRT) optimization model were employed to characterize breakthrough. Higher doses obtained lower loading capacities but higher sorption percentages and breakthrough times. Breakthrough times obtained were 50 400, 32 400, 25 200, and 19 800 s for 150, 120, 75, and 45 g, respectively. The equation ? = 1.0 × 10?4 δ2 ?0.022 δ + 1.5053 defined the operating line with ?, adsorbent exhaustion rate, in g L?1 and δ, EBRT, in seconds. A critical bed depth (Zo) of 6.56 cm was obtained. Second order kinetic rate constants were 0.73, 1.17, and 1.81 g mg?1 s?1 for magnesite, gypsum, and bauxite, respectively. The composite, gypsum and bauxite decreased water pH but magnesite increased pH in water defluoridation. Experimental data did not fit the two‐parameter logistics model; model values were significantly different from experimental values. Optimum defluoridation characteristics were obtained in fixed bed. Despite high residual sulphates and apparent color, fixed‐bed defluoridation with raw composites of these materials, treated in this manner, is viable. 相似文献
14.
Vicente de P. Rodrigues da Silva Adelgicio F. Belo Filho Vijay P. Singh Rafaela S. Rodrigues Almeida Bernardo B. da Silva Inajá F. de Sousa 《水文科学杂志》2017,62(7):1029-1038
Using the Shannon entropy, the space–time variability of rainfall and streamflow was assessed for daily rainfall and streamflow data for a 10-year period from 189 stations in the northeastern region of Brazil. Mean values of marginal entropy were computed for all observation stations and entropy maps were then constructed for delineating annual and seasonal characteristics of rainfall and streamflow. The Mann-Kendall test was used to evaluate the long-term trend in marginal entropy as well as relative entropy for two sample stations. The marginal entropy values of rainfall and streamflow were higher for locations and periods with the highest amounts of rainfall. The entropy values were higher where rainfall was higher. This was because the probability distributions of rainfall and the resulting streamflow were more uniform and less skewed. The Shannon entropy produced spatial patterns which led to a better understanding of rainfall and streamflow characteristics throughout the northeastern region of Brazil. The total relative entropy indicated that rainfall and streamflow carried the same information content at annual and rainy season time scales. 相似文献